Energy efficiency and conservation
Energy efficiency - the rational use of energy resources - the achievement of economically justified efficiency of using fuel and energy resources with modernization of existing equipment and technologies, ensuring compliance with requirements for Environmental Protection.
Energy saving - implementation of legal, institutional, scientific, industrial, technical and economic measures aimed to accomplish the rational use and economic consumption of fuel and energy resources and involving in economic circulation renewable energy sources.
Energy saving - an important aspect in the issue of natural resource conservation.
Increase in demand for gas and electric power turned out higher than values provided by the "Energy Strategy of Russia."
In 2007, total energy consumption in Russia was around 990 million tons of equivalent fuel. With proper implementation of energy-saving and energy-efficient equipment in EU Member States this figure would fall to a value of 650 million tons of equivalent fuel. In other words, in our country, 35% of the energy is lost. In everyday life we've spent about 40-45% of all the energy produced.
Alternative sources of energy in buildings can be heat pumps, solar collectors and batteries, as well as wind generators.
In 2012, entered into force the first National standard STO NOSTROY 2.35.4-2011 «Green building. Buildings and civil construction. Rating system for evaluation sustainability of residential and public buildings». The most famous equivalent standards in the world are: LEED, BREEAM and DGNB.
Systematic work in the field of energy conservation and energy efficiency in various sectors and spheres of the Russian economy began after adoption of the federal law from November 23, 2009 of No. 261-FZ «About energy saving and about raise of energy efficiency and about modification of separate legal acts of the Russian Federation». The program aims to become a tool for solving large-scale task for reducing energy intensity of GDP by 40% by the year 2020.
Western specialists evaluated the potential of profit from long-term investments in energy efficiency of russian energy as 300 billion dollars.
Starting from the 1970s. many countries have implemented policies and programs to improve energy efficiency. Today, for the industrial sector accounts nearly 40% of annual global consumption of primary energy and about the same proportion of global carbon dioxide emissions. International standard ISO 50001 was adopted and it also regulates energy efficiency.
Improving energy efficiency from 1990 in economies of 14 leading countries allowed in 2004 to reduce energy consumption by 14%, comparing with the level (of energy consumption), which could have occurred without taking measures to improve energy efficiency.
Taking into account the overall global trend in ensuring efficient use of energy, it can be stated, that investments, aimed at developing energy efficiency and of new ways of conservation, increase the energy potential of the country - the main condition for achieving economic growth. The OJSC «Corporation «Respiro» takes an active part in ensuring the Government programs approved by the Government of the Russian Federation and offers assistance in the following:
Organizational measures
- Internal financial audit and determination of the portion of energy consumption in the cost structure;
- Energy inspection of the company;
- Drafting of energy passport for enterprise and its individual objects;
- Development of energy saving measures and energy efficiency improvement in relation to the technological conditions of the enterprise;
- Development of regulations about material incentives obtaining the effect from conducting activities of improving energy efficiency and reducing the costs of the energy purchase;
- Audit of energy supply contracts for the enterprises and its optimization;
- Planning and organization of commercial accounting of energy consumption and energy resources;
- Planning and organization of technological accounting of energy consumption and energy resources;
- Implementation of low cost organizational measures for energy conservation;
- Training the personnel of regulations on how to preserve and rationally use the energy;
- Informational support of energy savings (Standing orders of the meetings, dissemination of organizational and technical information);
- Implementation of low cost measures for energy conservation;
- Business planning of measures for improving of energy efficiency and technical re-equipment with payback periods of more than 1 year;
- Implementation of measures for improving of energy efficiency and technical re-equipment with payback periods of more than 1 year;
- Monitoring the execution of internal regulations of energy use;
- Monitoring the execution of contracts for the energy resources supply;
- Monitoring technical condition of energy consumption metering devices, energy resources and systems of commercial calculations;
- Monitoring the execution of measures for energy savings and energy efficiency improvement;
- Organization of financial and business accounting in the implementation of measures for energy savings and energy efficiency improvement;
- Material and moral encouragement of participants of energy saving measures.
Technical measures
- Installation of heat calculation units at the enterprise and its objects (drastically reduces heat costs, payback of the metering unit installation is 2-6 months.
- Installation of control units for supplying heat-carrier to heat-points reduces heat consumption in 20-30%);
- Technologically justified replacement of volumetric heating systems to local IR - heating systems (reduces expenses for space heating in 2 - 5 times. Payback 9 - 18 months.)
- Installation of modular mini-boilers on distant objects (reduces costs from 2 to 6 times, payback period 1 - 1.5 years);
- Installation of electrical heat generators based on PGU, GPS, GTU (reduces expenses of enterprises on electricity purchase and heat supply in 2-4 times. Payback period at optimum load is 2-3 years);
- Heat insulation of external heating mains (payback period - one heating season);
- Lowering the temperature of reversionary heating-system water (heating of floors in the premises, as well as the incoming air).
- Extracting the heat from industrial drains, sewage, technological environments (installation of heat pumps, payback period 6-12 months);
- Replacement of cooling towers with the steam jet injectors (using heat from steam for heating or other industrial purposes, payback period 6-12 months);
- Introduction of frequency control systems in drives of electric motors in ventilation systems, pumping stations and other facilities with a variable load (provides energy savings by 40-70%, at the pumping stations additional warmth 20%, in water - 15-20%. Payback period 3-18 months);
- Optimization of loads for low voltage transformers (up to 10% reduction in losses);
- Automation of ventilation control systems, reducing consumption by 10-15% with a payback period 5 months;
- Installation of water meters on manufacturing sites, buildings (reduces water consumption in 2 or more times. Payback period 2-3 months);
- Implementation of water recycling systems (reduces water consumption up to 95%, payback period up to 1 year);
- The use of pressure taps reduces water consumption in 4-6 times;
- Introduction of recuperation schemes and automation of the combustion process in the heating ovens and forging furnace saves 30-50% of the gas;
- Introduction of energy-efficient luminaires of new designs (Application of luminescent lamps reduces energy consumption in 5 times, LED lamps in 8 times. Payback period 9-15 months).
- Introduction of modernized accelerating relay (reduces the consumption by 2.2 times, increases the life of the lamps in 2 times);
- Implementation of the relay - regulators for the luminaires reduces the demand up to 40%. Payback period 2 months.
- Cleaning windows (can reduce lighting costs by 30-40%);
- Painting the walls of the rooms with light colored paint (can reduce lighting costs by 10%);
- Using of fiberglass lighting when illuminating basements and deaf premises (allows to partially abandon the use of electric lighting and use centralized LED illumination during the hours of darkness);
- Introduction of heating and lighting schedules reduces the demand up to 20% in industrial premises and up to 40% in administrative.
- The use of secondary energy resources, such as sawdust, wood chips in the gas-plants, waste production in the environmentally friendly utilizers and recuperators in the ventilation systems. Currently being used not more than 10-15% of SER. The cost of energy produced from SER in 3-4 times lower. Payback period of 2 years.)
- Sealing of buildings, particularly windows, doors, seams, basements, ventilation outlets and engineering communications, allows to reduce heat consumption by 10-15%, payback period of 2-4 months;
- Elimination and thermal insulation of cold bridges in building structure (payback period 1-2 months);
- Use of waste heat from refrigerators and air conditioners for heating water;
- Installation of IR-reflective glass (reduces radiant losses through the window up to 50%, providing increase of comfort both in winter and in summer);
- Cooperative measures of thermal insulation, sealing, decrease of radiant losses reduces heating consumption by 2-3 times. Payback period 1.5 - 2.5 years;
- Installation of heat pumps in the basements (provides additional heating in the winter and decrease in expenses for air conditioning in summer. Payback period up to one year);
- Heating of the air inflow in a premise by the exhaust gases;
- Installation of solar collectors for warming up water and heating;
- The use of solar cells and solar panels for energy supply.